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HOME > East Asian Maritime Security > Vol. 30, September 30, 2025

Vol.30. September 30. 2025

 

What is happening in East Asian Maritime Security? The Research Institute for Peace and Security (RIPS) publishes the biweekly newsletter, the information on maritime security relevant to East Asia and Japan's territory.

Monthly Column

 

Escalating Naval Tensions
between the Philippines and China

Valérie Niquet

Director Japan Program,
Foundation for Strategic Research

 

 

Grey-Zone Pressure and Naval Asymmetry

The Philippines faces sustained pressure in the South China Sea, where confrontations with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) have intensified around Second Thomas Shoal and Scarborough Shoal. For decades, Beijing has relied on “grey-zone” tactics to assert control, employing coast guard and maritime militia vessels to block, ram, or harass Philippine resupply missions. Water cannons, close maneuvers, and new unilateral restrictions of Philippines fishing and replenishment rights have become routine, allowing China to advance its claims without triggering direct military escalation. Over time, this persistent coercion risks undermining Philippine sovereignty and operational freedom within its exclusive economic zone.

The asymmetry in naval and coast guard capacity compounds these pressures. The PLA Navy, with a third aircraft carrier launched and a new one under construction, has grown into the world’s largest in terms of numbers, supported by the heavily armed China Coast Guard and a broad network of maritime militia. This layered force structure ensures a constant Chinese presence in disputed waters and provides Beijing with escalation dominance. Manila, by contrast, continues to modernize from a low base. The introduction of two Jose Rizal–class frigates, new patrol vessels, and improved coast guard assets marks progress, but these remain modest compared to China’s scale and capabilities. The imbalance constrains the Philippines’ ability to resist pressure independently and shapes the broader perception of vulnerability.

Alliance Responses and U.S. Presence

China’s assertiveness has been reinforced by doubts about U.S. strategic implication. With Washington managing crises elsewhere, including inside its own society, and looking increasingly inward, Beijing may judge that American attention is divided, creating opportunities to test alliance commitments. Such perceptions carry risks for Manila and Beijing also : coercive tactics may gradually shift realities on the ground, leaving Manila unable to maintain control even without outright conflict but also provoking a strong response from the United States.

The U.S.–Philippines alliance has been revitalized through the expansion of the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (2023). Four additional bases—among them facilities in northern Luzon near the Bashi Channel and in Palawan—now provide expanded access for U.S. forces. These sites improve intelligence, surveillance, logistics, and rapid deployment options, strengthening deterrence and complicating Chinese planning. They also signal a more durable American commitment to Philippine defense at a time of heightened uncertainty.

Japan’s Growing Role

Japan has also emerged as a significant partner. Tokyo has supplied patrol vessels and coastal radar systems, and in 2023 extended its new Official Security Assistance (OSA) program to Manila. The Reciprocal Access Agreement was signed in august 2025. It facilitates operational interoperability and joint exercises. Beyond bilateral ties, trilateral cooperation among the Philippines, the United States, and Japan has accelerated, embedding Manila within a wider framework of regional security and reinforcing deterrence in contested waters. On September 14, 2025, the Philippines, United States, and Japan have completed another round of joint maritime drills in the South China sea, reaffirming defense cooperation.

China’s Vulnerabilities

China itself faces internal challenges. Reports of corruption within the PLA and operational mishaps—including the collision of two Chinese vessels during a confrontation in August—highlight weaknesses beneath the surface of its growing fleet. Moreover, sustained grey-zone pressure generates reputational costs to China perceived as overly aggressive by its neighbours and beyond. By documenting and publicizing incidents and consistently invoking international law, notably the 2016 arbitral ruling, the Philippines has been able to frame China as a destabilizing actor, reinforcing diplomatic support from partners and international audiences.

Statistical Data and Analysis (as of September 30)

 

In the latter half of this month, China has engaged in unilateral actions at sea.

On September 16, Chinese coast guard vessels engaged in aggressive behavior near Scarborough Shoal, a disputed area in the South China Sea claimed by both China and the Philippines. They fired water cannons at Philippine government vessels, causing damage and injuring one person.
On September 23, there were signs of possible new exploratory drilling by China near the median line in the East China Sea, where it has been unilaterally developing gas fields for years.

As part of diplomatic activities during the UN General Assembly High-Level Week, a trilateral foreign ministers’ meeting between Japan, the United States, and South Korea was held on September 22. On September 23, foreign ministers from eight countries in Europe and the Indo-Pacific region, as well as the G7 foreign ministers, held meetings. On September 24, a foreign ministers' meeting focused on maritime safety and stability was also held. Japan reaffirmed its commitment to cooperating with the international community in upholding a free and open international order based on the rule of law, and shared this stance with like-minded
countries.

[Statistical Data as of September 30]

Japan Coast Guard (JCG) daily updates the statistical data on the number of China Coast Guard vessels entering in the contiguous zone around the Senkaku Islands and intruding into Japanese territorial waters. The below is from the website of JCG.
https://www.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/ mission/senkaku/senkaku.html

Sep.

Contiguous zone

Territorial
Waters

Sep.

Contiguous zone

Territorial
Waters

16

4

23

2

17

4

24

2

18

4

25

4

19

4

26

2

20

4

27

4

 

21

4

28

4

22

2

29

4

 

Date

Topics

9/16

On September 9, the Japan Maritime Self Defense Force (JMSDF) confirmed one Russian Vishnya class Intelligence ship (hull number 208) sailing southwest in the waters 50km east of Miyakejima Island (Tokyo Metropolis).
This vessel sailed south in the contiguous zone of Miyakejima Island, and then sailed southwest through the waters (contiguous zone) between Mikurajima Island (Tokyo Metropolis) and Hachijojima Island (Tokyo Metropolis).

 

From September 13 to 15, this vessel sailed southwest through the waters including the contiguous zone from east to south of Okinawajima Island, then sailed northwest through the waters including the contiguous zone south of Okinawajima Island. It subsequently sailed northwest in the contiguous zone southwest of Kumejima Island (Okinawa Prefecture), and navigated to the East China Sea. 

 

 

Japan Joint Staff

9/16

On September 13, the JMSDF confirmed two Chinese Luyang III class destroyer (hull number 132 and 135) sailing southeast in the waters 120km northeast of Miyakojima Island (Okinawa Prefecture). 
These vessels sailed southeast through the waters between Okinawajima Island and Miyakojima Island and navigated to the Pacific Ocean.

 

On September 16, the JMSDF confirmed one Chinese Luyang III class destroyer (hull number 135) sailing north in the waters 110km northeast of Miyakojima Island. 

This vessel sailed north through the waters between Okinawajima Island and Miyakojima Island and navigated to the East China Sea.

  

   

On September 14, the JMSDF confirmed one Chinese Jangkai II class frigate (hull number 577) and one Chinese Fuchi class replenishment ship (hull number 890) sailing southeast in the waters 100km northeast of Miyakojima Island.

These vessels sailed southeast through the waters between Okinawajima Island and Miyakojima Island and navigated to the Pacific Ocean.

 

 

Japan Joint Staff

9/16

On September 16, China's Coast Guard said it fired water cannon at Philippine ships near the disputed Scarborough Shoal in the South China Sea, and the Philippines accused Beijing of "aggressive" action that injured one person.
The confrontation comes a week after China approved plans to turn the shoal into a national nature reserve, a move that defence analysts have said would test Manila's response over the 150 sq km (58 sq mile) triangular chain of reefs and rocks.
The Philippine Coast Guard in turn accused its Chinese counterpart of harassing vessels it said were on a humanitarian mission to support fishermen.

 

The 16th's encounter involved more than 10 Philippine ships, said Gan Yu, a spokesperson for China's Coast Guard, accusing the vessels of having "illegally invaded China's territorial waters of the Scarborough Shoal from different directions".
In particular, he faulted Philippine government vessel 3014, saying in a statement it had "disregarded solemn warnings from the Chinese side and deliberately rammed a Chinese Coast Guard vessel".
"The China Coast Guard lawfully implemented control measures against the Philippine ships," he said.
These included measures such as verbal warnings, route restrictions and water cannon spraying, Gan said.
A video released by the Chinese Coast Guard showed the bow of Philippine vessel 3014 making contact with a Chinese ship, damaging part of the deck railing as the Chinese Coast Guard ship fired water cannon at the Philippine vessel.

 

In a statement, the Philippine Coast Guard said it was engaged in a mission to resupply more than 35 Philippine fishing boats at the shoal when they encountered "aggressive actions" by nine Chinese vessels.

The PCG later said in a separate statement that two Chinese Coast Guard ships had directed water cannons at the 3014 fisheries vessel.
The "aggressive action" caused "significant damage" to the Philippine vessel and one person sustained injuries from shattered glass caused by the water cannon, it said.

 

Each side accuses the other of provocations and trespassing in incidents featuring use of water cannon, boat-ramming and manoeuvres by China's Coast Guard that the Philippines regards as dangerously close, as well as jets shadowing Philippine aircraft there.
A spokesperson for the Philippine Maritime Council said there was "no truth" in China's statement that it had taken control measures, which it dismissed as "another case of Chinese disinformation and propaganda".
Analysts have said Beijing's plan to categorise the shoal as a nature reserve amounted to trying to take the moral high ground in the dispute over the atoll.

 

Reuters

9/16

On September 16, the Government of Japan confirmed that the South Korean oceanographic research vessel NARA was deploying what appeared to be a wire-like object into the waters of Japan's exclusive economic zone (EEZ) from west to northwest of Takeshima. Regarding the survey conducted by the same research vessel, the South Korean side did not submit a request for prior consent to our side. 

 

In response to this, on the same day, the Government of Japan lodged a strong protest with the South Korean side through diplomatic channels, stating that conducting a survey within Japan's EEZ without prior consent is unacceptable. 

   

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (Japanese)

9/17

On September 16, the JMSDF confirmed one Russian Udaloy I class destroyer (hull number 548), one Steregushchiy class frigate (hull number 333), one Ropucha I class landing ship (hull number 066) and one Alexandrit class minesweeper (hull number 757) sailing west in the waters 30km north of Cape Soya (Hokkaido Prefecture). 

These vessels sailed west through the Soya Strait. 

  

 

Japan Joint Staff

9/17

On September 16, the JMSDF confirmed one Chinese Luyang III class destroyer (hull number 123) sailing northeast in the waters 80km southwest of Tsushima Island (Nagasaki Prefecture).

From September 16 to 17, this vessel sailed northeast through the Tsushima Strait and navigated to the Sea of Japan.

 

On September 17, the JMSDF confirmed one Chinese Luyang III class destroyer (hull number 124) and one Chinese Fuchi class replenishment ship (hull number 902) sailing northeast in the waters 140km southwest of Tsushima Island.

These vessels sailed northeast through the Tsushima Strait and navigated to the Sea of Japan.

  

 

Japan Joint Staff

9/18

China’s declaration of a nature reserve in the South China Sea is the latest twist in its yearslong push to establish control over the strategically important waters and sea lane.

The National Forestry and Grassland Administration said last week that the reserve would protect the coral reef ecosystem at Huangyan Island, better known internationally as Scarborough Shoal. 

But outside experts believe the announcement was driven more by geopolitics than environmental protection.

 

“It falls into a pattern of China trying to establish administrative justifications for things it’s already done with military force,” Greg Poling, an expert on the South China Sea at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, said of the reserve.

 

Chinese ships dragged their propellers through the reefs to dig up the clams until 2016. Then they switched to firing high-pressure water at the reefs. The damage is less visible but equally harmful, said Ray Powell, founder and director of SeaLight, a group at Stanford University that tracks maritime “gray-zone” activity.
China is “attempting to strengthen its claim while diverting scrutiny from the environmental devastation its own fleets inflicted — like an arsonist who torches a property and then appoints himself fire marshal amid the ashes,” Powell said.

 

The nature reserve has more to do with territorial claims than reef protection, said Bec Strating, a professor of international relations at La Trobe University in Australia. She described the move as “the weaponization of environmental concerns.”
China’s state broadcaster CCTV said the establishment of the reserve was not just an act of ecological protection, but also a signal that China is shifting from responding to provocations to long-term maritime governance in the South China Sea.
Marine scientists, including those from China, have been trying to preserve nature, but policymakers are turning conservation into politics, said James Borton, a non-resident senior fellow at Johns Hopkins’ SAIS Foreign Policy Institute.
“If you declare just a small section of the reef crest, maybe that’s an area where they can replant some coral and grow a little garden,” Poling said, “But Scarborough shoal is a graveyard ... Everything is dead.”

 

China has come under criticism for island-building in the South China Sea, but experts don’t expect the same at Scarborough Shoal.

“It would be very odd for them to say we’re going to turn it into a nature preserve and then put a 3,000-meter (9,800-foot) concrete runway and four facilities there, right?” Powell said.
Building islands in the Spratlys makes more strategic sense, because they are farther from China’s shores than Scarborough Shoal, Poling said.
“China certainly doesn’t need an airstrip or another deep-water harbor there.”

 

Associated Press

9/18

Japan's Prime Minister Ishiba met with officials from maritime security agencies of various Asian countries who had undergone training in Japan, encouraging them to exert their utmost efforts toward strengthening a free and open international order based on the rule of law. 

  

The JCG has been accepting personnel from maritime security agencies across Asia as trainees to strengthen cooperation. On September 18, eight trainees from India, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, and other countries who had completed a one-year training program met with Prime Minister Ishiba at the Prime Minister's Official Residence.

 

Among them, a Lieutenant Commander of the Indian Coast Guard stated his resolve: “We developed the ability to think from multiple perspectives and discuss solutions to various maritime issues. We will leverage this experience to ensure a safe and secure maritime environment based on the rule of law."

 

In response, Prime Minister Ishiba stated, while attempts to unilaterally alter the status quo by force continue around the world, it is increasingly necessary to uphold and strengthen a free and open international order based on the rule of law.” 

 

He then encouraged them, saying, "Under our shared values, I hope that you will collaborate and strive together to make a significant contribution to the peace, security, and development of the Indo-Pacific region.”

 

NHK News (Japanese) 

9/19

Japan-Australia-New Zealand-ROK Vice Foreign Ministerial Meeting (excerpt)

 

On September 19, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and the Republic of Korea (ROK) virtually held a quadrilateral Vice Foreign Ministerial Meeting. The overview of the events is as follows.

  

They engaged in a candid exchange of views on issues such as recent developments in the Indo-Pacific region and the strengthening of partnerships among like-minded countries across the region, including cooperation between NATO and the Indo-Pacific partners (IP4).
  

They confirmed the importance of further strengthening coordination among them to maintain and strengthen a free and open international order based on the rule of law, as the international situation has become increasingly severe. They also concurred on the importance of continuing their communication in various ways.

 

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan 

9/19

At least two Chinese crew members died in a collision last month between Chinese vessels tracking a Philippine government ship near Scarborough Shoal in the South China Sea, Bloomberg News reported on September 18, citing a senior Philippine government official.

 

The incident occurred on August 11. Off the coast of Scarborough Shoal, a China Coast Guard vessel and a Chinese naval vessel collided, severely damaging the bow of the Coast Guard vessel.

 

Chinese authorities have not disclosed the number of casualties. However, following the incident, China has intensified its coercive actions around Scarborough Shoal. In early September, China designated the shoal as a national “nature reserve” and announced it would “strengthen law enforcement” in the area. On September 16, a Chinese Coast Guard vessel used a water cannon against a Philippine government ship in the vicinity of the shoal, injuring one Philippine crew member.

 

Philippine National Security Adviser Año told the media that China, having "suffered a great embarrassment" from the collision incident, is now in a position where it has no choice but to take a hardline stance. When asked about the incident at a press conference on September 18, Chinese Foreign Ministry Deputy Spokesperson Lin Jian stated, "The Philippine side infringed upon China's sovereignty and threatened the safety of our crew members," but avoided mentioning casualties.

 

Jiji Press News (Japanese)

9/22

On September 17, as part of Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs' "Territorial Sovereignty and Historical Research Support Project," three short-term overseas fellows visited Ishigaki City, Okinawa Prefecture. They toured the Senkaku Islands Information Center established by the city within the Euglena Ishigaki Port Remote Island Terminal. This marks the fourth time the city has hosted such fellows. 

 

Three young researchers affiliated with universities and think tanks in the Philippines, Malaysia, and Brunei participated, along with one researcher from the Japan Foundation.

 

This program aims to deepen understanding of Japan's territorial, sovereignty, and historical issues, while also cultivating individuals who will serve as network hubs for future exchanges with Japan in their respective countries. From September to November, participants will engage in discussions with Japanese government officials and experts, attend symposiums, and visit territorial-related facilities across Japan.

 

At the Senkaku Islands Information Center, Takanori Endo, Deputy Director of the Senkaku Islands Countermeasures Office and Assistant Director of the Planning and Policy Division of Ishigaki City, provided an explanation. He shared information about settlements and a bonito flakes factory once existed on the Senkaku Islands, as well as an incident in which Japanese personnel in Okinawa rescued a distressed fishing boat from the Republic of China, for which a letter of appreciation was later sent.

 

The researchers asked questions such as "How do you respond to Chinese government vessels during surveys?" and "Is there a fundamental solution to the issue?" Endo replied, "A peaceful resolution is desirable, but the current situation requires constant patrol by the JCG.” He also introduced the city's ongoing efforts to make a film about the Senkaku distress incident and its current requests to the national government for landing surveys and the installation of a lighthouse.

 

One researcher stated, "In Indonesia, China's claims tend to spread, but I have learned a lot about the history of the Senkaku Islands."

 

Masao Kochi, Director of the Center for Territory and History at the Japan Institute of International Affairs, expressed his hopes, stating, "Like Japan, Southeast Asian countries also face issues with China. It is important for young researchers to understand Japan's position."

 

The group also toured facilities such as the Japan Coast Guard's berths that day. During their stay, they plan to visit facilities related to Takeshima (Shimane Prefecture) and the Northern Territories (Hokkaido Prefecture). After returning home, they are expected to submit papers based on this training.

  

Sankei Shimbun News (Japanese)

9/22

On September 20, the JMSDF confirmed one Chinese Dongdiao class Intelligence ship (hull number 791) sailing southeast in the waters 90km southwest of Kumejima Island (Okinawa Prefecture). 
These vessels sailed southeast through the waters between Okinawajima Island and Miyakojima Island and navigated to the Pacific Ocean.

 

 

Japan Joint Staff

9/22

Japan-U.S.-ROK Foreign Ministers’ Meeting (excerpt) 

 

On September 22, Japan, the United States, and the Republic of Korea (ROK) held a trilateral Foreign Ministers’ Meeting in New York, the United States. The overview of the meeting is as follows.
After the meeting, the Japan-U.S.-ROK Trilateral Joint Statement was released.

 

The three Ministers reaffirmed that, in light of the increasingly severe strategic environment that the three countries face, it remains important to strengthen the solidarity among the three countries, uphold a free and open international order based on the rule of law, and continue to show the robust Japan-U.S. and U.S.-ROK alliances as well as the strategic coordination of these alliances. 

 

Furthermore, the three Ministers exchanged their views on regional situations, including unilateral attempts to change the status quo by force or coercion, and reaffirmed that the three countries would work closely together. 

 

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan

9/23

Meeting between Europe and Indo-Pacific Partners (Australia, France, Germany, Japan, New Zealand, Poland, the Republic of Korea, the United Kingdom) (excerpt)

 

On September 23, a meeting of four European countries (Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and Poland) and four Indo-Pacific countries (Japan, the Republic of Korea, Australia, and New Zealand) was held in New York, the United States, at the suggestion of the German Minister for Foreign Affairs. The overview of the meeting is as follows.

 

They exchanged views on security issues facing both the European and Indo-Pacific regions. 

 

Japan's Minister Iwaya stated that as the international order faces severe challenges, it is meaningful to exchange views among countries that share values and principles in the European and Indo-Pacific regions. 

 

On the recognition that security and the economy in Europe and the Indo-Pacific are closely intertwined, the eight participants also discussed the situations in Ukraine and East Asia. They shared the view to cooperate in strengthening the free and open international order based on the rule of law and issued a Joint Press Statement.

  

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan 

9/23

Joint G7 Foreign Ministers’  Statement (excerpt)
Meeting of the G7 Foreign Ministers on the Margins of the High-Level Week at the United Nations General Assembly in New York

 

On September 23, the G7 Foreign Ministers issued the above-mentioned statement.

 

We, the G7 Foreign Ministers of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America and the High Representative of the European Union, reaffirmed the importance of a free and open Indo-Pacific based on the rule of law. We reiterated our strong opposition to any unilateral attempts to change the status quo by force or coercion, including in the East China Sea, the South China Sea, and across the Taiwan Strait. 

  

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan 

9/24

On September 22, the JMSDF confirmed two Chinese Luyang III class destroyer (hull number 123 and 124) and one Chinese Fuchi class replenishment ship (hull number 902) sailing northeast in the waters 50km northwest of Rebun Island (Hokkaido Prefecture). 

From September 22 to 23, these vessels sailed east through the Soya Strait. 

 

 

Japan Joint Staff

9/24

On September 23, the JMSDF confirmed one Russian Vishnya class Intelligence ship (hull number 208) sailing northeast in the waters 130km southwest of Tsushima Island (Nagasaki Prefecture).

From September 23 to 24, this vessel sailed northeast through the Tsushima Strait and navigated to the Sea of Japan.

 

 

Japan Joint Staff

9/24

On September 24, the JMSDF confirmed one Russian Slava class cruiser (hull number 011), one Borei class nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine and one Baklazhan class rescue tug sailing west in the waters 40km northeast of Cape Soya (Hokkaido Prefecture). 
Among these, the Borei class nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine was confirmed by the JMSDF for the first time.
These vessels sailed west through the Soya Strait. 

 

 

Japan Joint Staff

9/24

The Foreign Minister’s Meeting “Reinforcing Maritime Cooperation to Achieve a Secure and Stable Maritime Domain” (excerpt)

 

On September 24, the Foreign Ministers’ Meeting “Reinforcing Maritime Cooperation to Achieve a Secure and Stable Maritime Domain” was held in New York, the United States. The overview of the meeting is as follows.

 

Alongside with the co-hosts, including Japan, the Philippines have taken the initiative to convene this meeting as the host, and many Foreign Ministers from the like-minded countries participated in the meeting.

 

At the meeting, Japan’s Minister Iwaya pointed out that in order to maintain the maritime order, it is extremely important to comply with international law, particularly the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which sets out the universal and unified legal framework governing all activities in the oceans and the seas. He also expressed that Japan will continue to work with the international community, in order to uphold the international order based on the rule of law and achieve a secure and stable maritime domain.

  

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan 

9/25

On September 24, Secretary General of Japan’s National Security Secretariat Masataka Okano held his first meeting with U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio in New York. The Japanese government made the announcement. 
With China’s increasingly assertive behavior in the East and South China Seas in mind, they reaffirmed the importance of promoting a Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP).

 

Sankei Shimbun News (Japanese)

9/25

On September 25, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan confirmed that it had lodged a protest through diplomatic channels in response to China’s recent deployment of a new mobile drilling rig near the median line in the East China Sea earlier this month. China has installed 18 fixed drilling rigs in the surrounding waters, and its unilateral resource development is continuing. Since the start of the year, three more rig installations have been confirmed.

 

The drilling vessel is believed to be the “KAN TAN QI HAO,” owned by a subsidiary of China’s state-owned energy giant company, Sinopec Group. The vessel, equipped with a mobile offshore drilling unit known as a jack-up rig, was previously confirmed to have been conducting drilling operations in the surrounding waters.

 

The vessel stopped operations in waters west of the Japan-China median line around September 18. After confirming that the rig had been secured in place, the JCG issued a navigation warning on September 22: “A mobile drilling rig is present in the East China Sea.”

 

The drilling apparatus was located near the center of three rigs confirmed to have been installed this year. It appears to be securing the vessel to the seabed for exploratory drilling. If resources such as natural gas are discovered, a new fixed rig might be built. Satellite imagery captured by the European Space Agency (ESA) on September 23 shows discoloration on the sea surface extending northeast from the drilling rig, suggesting that the drilling activity may have caused it. 

 

A Foreign Ministry official told that, while specific vessel names could not be disclosed, “a strong protest was lodged with China through diplomatic channels.” An Energy Agency official said, “It is impossible to know from the outside what is happening underground, but it is likely that exploration work is underway.”

 

China’s use of mobile vessels for exploratory drilling is seen as part of its “salami tactics” to gradually gain an advantage. While the installation of fixed rigs is usually made public, Japan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs has not disclosed any discoveries made by these mobile platforms. This allows China to quietly create facts on the ground. 

  

Sankei Shimbun News (Japanese)

9/29

Japan lodged a protest with China to stop ocean research activities in Japan's EEZ after spotting a Chinese vessel in the country's southwest, chief cabinet secretary Yoshimasa Hayashi said on September 29.

 
The JCG found the Chinese ship "Xiang Yang Hong 22" extending a wire-like object into in the ocean in the Japanese EEZ about 379 kilometers (235 miles) west of the island of Amami Oshima early on the morning of September 28, Hayashi said.

"We protested to the Chinese government that conducting marine scientific research in the zone without Japan's consent was unacceptable," said Hayashi, the top Japanese government spokesperson. He added that the Chinese ship left the waters and moved westward about three hours later.

 
According to the JCG, this marks the first time since October 31, 2023, that activities by a Chinese oceanographic research vessel have been confirmed within the EEZ off Amami Oshima Island.

   

Reuters 

NHK News (Japanese) 

9/29

On September 28, the JMSDF confirmed one Chinese Dongdiao class Intelligence ship (hull number 796) sailing northeast in the waters 130km southwest of Tsushima Island (Nagasaki Prefecture).
On September 29, this vessel sailed northeast through the Tsushima Strait and navigated to the Sea of Japan.

  

 

Japan Joint Staff

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