Vol.23. June 16. 2025
What is happening in East Asian Maritime Security? The Research Institute for Peace and Security (RIPS) publishes the biweekly newsletter, the information on maritime security relevant to East Asia and Japan's territory. |
Statistical Data and Analysis (as of June 16)
The IISS Shangri-La Dialogue, where defense ministers from the Asia-Pacific region exchange views, was held in Singapore from May 30 to June 1.
During the meeting, President Makron of France delivered a speech in which he pointed out the importance of European-Asian cooperation on security issues. Also, U.S. Secretary of Defense Hegseth and other dignitaries from various countries delivered speeches.
In his speech, Secretary Hegseth repeatedly accused China of trying to fundamentally change the status quo in the region and pointed out that "China's attempt to suppress Taiwan by force would have devastating consequences for the Indo-Pacific region and the world as a whole”.
Japanese Defense Minister Gen Nakatani made a speech in which he emphasized the importance of defense cooperation among Indo-Pacific countries and laid out a new cooperative framework.
“The rules-based international order is rapidly being hollowed out,” Minister Nakatani said. He expressed concern that “rapid military buildups, including of nuclear weapons, and provocative military actions are on the rise” and said that such moves are “large obstacles inmaintaining a trustful relationship in security.”
On the other hand, He welcomed ASEAN’s expanded role in security, as well as the strengthening of the Japan-U.S. alliance and cooperation between Japan, the United States, Australia and the Philippines, calling such moves “encouraging.”
The cooperative framework that he proposed, which calls on the countries with common values and interests to expand their cooperation, is dubbed OCEAN (One Cooperative Effort Among Nations).
He said that it is important for “the defense authorities of those countries to create synergy by strengthening their cooperation.” In accordance with that principle, Minister Nakatani said Japan will deepen its collaboration with ASEAN member countries through such assistance as improving their capabilities and transferring defense equipment to them. Japan, he said, would also deepen defense cooperation within the Japan-U.S.- South Korea and Japan-U.S.-Philippine.
The special session concerning the cooperative maritime security in the Asia-Pacific was also held, and in this session five speakers gave speeches, including Mr. Seguchi, the Commandant of the Japan Coast Guard.
At the side tables of the meeting, various talks took place among the participating countries. There was also a meeting of the defense ministers of Japan, the United States and Australia, as well as a meeting of the defense ministers of Japan, the United States, Australia, and the Philippines.
According to the joint statement issued after the Japan-U.S.-Australia-Philippines defense ministers' meeting, the defense ministers “expressed continued serious concern about China’s destabilizing actions in the East China Sea (ECS) and the South China Sea (SCS) and any unilateral attempts to change the status quo by force or coercion. They also reiterated their serious concern about dangerous conduct by China in the SCS against the Philippines and other countries, and stressed the importance of the peaceful resolution of disputes.”
For more information;
Japan Ministry of Defense
https://www.mod.go.jp/en/d_act/exc/iiss/22nd_iiss_shangrila.html
Japan Coast Guard
https://www.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/info/kouhou/r7/k250603_2/k250603_2.pdf
IISS
https://www.iiss.org/events/shangri-la-dialogue/shangri-la-dialogue-2025/
[Statistical Data as of June 16]
Japan Coast Guard (JCG) daily updates the statistical data on the number of China Coast Guard vessels entering in the contiguous zone around the Senkaku Islands and intruding into Japanese territorial waters. The below is from the website of JCG.
https://www.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/
mission/senkaku/senkaku.html
May. |
Contiguous zone |
Territorial
Waters |
Jun. |
Contiguous zone |
Territorial
Waters |
30 |
4 |
|
8 |
4 |
|
31 |
4 |
|
9 |
4 |
|
Jun. |
|
|
10 |
4 |
|
1 |
4 |
|
11 |
4 |
|
2 |
4 |
|
12 |
4 |
|
3 |
4 |
|
13 |
4 |
|
4 |
4 |
|
14 |
4 |
2 |
5 |
4 |
|
15 |
4 |
|
6 |
4 |
4 |
16 |
|
|
7 |
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Date |
Topics |
5/30 |
Japan Maritime Self-Defense
Forces (JMSDF) confirmed one
Chinese Luyang III class destroyer (hull number 158)
and one Chinese Jangkai II
class frigate (hull number
534) sailing southeast in the
waters 120km northeast of
Miyakojima Island (Okinawa
Prefecture) on May 29. JMSDF then
confirmed these vessels
sailing southeast in the
waters between the main island of Okinawa and
Miyakojima Island to the
Pacific Ocean.
|
|
5/31 |
French President Emmanuel
Macron has delivered a
keynote speech at the Shangri-La Dialogue, a major
defense forum underway in
Singapore. He called for new coalitions for open trade and
open dialogue to stabilize
the rules-based order.
Speaking on Friday, Macron
noted that the competition
for global leadership between
China and the United States poses a
risk to the international
community.
He also stressed the
importance of cooperation
between Europe and Asia.
Macron's comments apparently
had the tariff measures
imposed by the administration
of US President Donald Trump in
mind, and also Russia's
invasion of Ukraine.
US Defense Secretary Pete
Hegseth is due to give a
speech on Saturday.
Observers are watching
closely for what he says
about security challenges in
Asia, such as Taiwan and the South China
Sea, where Beijing is growing
increasingly assertive.
|
|
5/31 |
Speaking at the “Asia
Security Summit”, or the IISS
Shangri-La Dialogue, in
Singapore, Japanese Defense Minister
Nakatani stressed the
importance of creating
synergy in efforts toward regional peace and
stability by strengthening
defense cooperation among
countries that share common values.
The Shangri-La Dialogue,
where defense ministers from
the Asia-Pacific region
exchange views, has been held in
Singapore since May 30.
In his speech, Defense
Minister Nakatani said, “The ‘
rules-based international
order’ is rapidly being hollowed out,
referring to China's
increasing maritime expansion
and other factors.
The rapid buildup of
military power, including
nuclear capability without transparency, and the increase in
provocative military
activities have become major
obstacles to the maintenance of trust in the
defense sector.”
In this difficult situation,
Defense Minister Nakatani
stressed the importance of
creating synergy in efforts toward
regional peace and stability
by strengthening defense
cooperation among countries that share
common values, while taking a
holistic view of the Indo-
Pacific region.
He also stated that "Japan,
while strengthening
multilayered efforts in the
defense field, will work with other countries to
create new values and
benefits for peace and
prosperity in the Indo-Pacific region, and to
create a success story”. He
expressed his intention to
deepen cooperation through troop
operations, defense equipment,
and technical cooperation.
The US Secretary of Defense
Hegseth in the second Trump
administration participated
in the “Asia security Summit” for the first time
and delivered a speech on May
31.
In his speech, Secretary
Hegseth repeatedly accused
China of trying to
fundamentally change the status quo in the
region and pointed out that "
China's attempt to suppress
Taiwan by force would have
devastating consequences for
the Indo-Pacific region and the world as a whole.
While stating that the U.S.
does not want a conflict with
China, Secretary Hegseth said,"We cannot turn a blind eye
or ignore China's behavior.
China's behavior is an
imminent warning.”
In addition, he called on
the U.S. allies in Asia to
play a greater role in
military affairs, including increasing defense
spending, in order to enhance
deterrence against China, and stressed the importance of
strengthening cooperation
among countries.
In response, Hu Gangfeng,
Vice President of Chinese
National Defense University,
who leads the Chinese delegation,
spoke at a special meeting on
maritime security, saying, "
We do not accept the unjust
accusations against China.
They are fabricated and will
only stir up confrontation and create chaos in the Asia Pacific
region”.
He then said, “Some
countries are building small
exclusive groups and
strengthening their military presence, frequently
violating the territorial
sovereignty and maritime
interests of other countries in the name
of so-called freedom of
navigation, and deliberately supporting the ‘independence
splinter force’ in Taiwan,”
thereby restraining the U.S.
over Taiwan and the South China
Sea.
Regarding China's decision
not to have its defense
minister participate in the
meeting, he said, "It is due to normal
adjustments. There will be no
impact on our efforts to
express our national defense policy
principles, and to
communicate with other
countries and deepen understanding”.
The meeting between Defense
Minister Nakatani and U.S.
Secretary of Defense Hegseth took place in Singapore on
the afternoon of May 31 for
about 30 minutes. As the U.S.
is developing a national defense
strategy to guide its
security policy, the two
ministers xconfirmed that they will work
closely together to align
their priorities in the two
countries' strategies.
Minister Nakatani also
explained that a law has been
passed in Japan to introduce “
active cyber defense” to prevent
cyber attacks, and the two
ministers agreed to
strengthen cooperation in the cyber
domain.
They also confirmed that
they would work together to
strengthen the deterrence and response capabilities of the
Japan-U.S. alliance, and that
they would coordinate to hold the 2 plus 2.
After the meeting, Minister
Nakatani was interviewed by
reporters and asked if
Secretary Hegseth made any reference to
the increase in defense
spending, to which he replied,
"I will not say whether or not
specific statements were made
or what they were about. I
basically told him that it is important
for Japan to proceed with the
drastic reinforcement of its defense capability based on its own
judgment and responsibility”.
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|
5/31 |
On 31, the Chinese Southern
Military Command announced
that it conducted patrols in
the sea and air around
Scarborough Reef in the South
China Sea on the same day. It
is believed that the patrols were aimed
at deterring a speech by U.S.
Defense Secretary Hegseth at
the IISS Shangri-La Dialogue.
The Chinese Southern
Military Command commented
that it would "resolutely
defend national sovereignty and security and
maintain peace and stability
in the South China Sea”.
The Chinese Coast Guard also
announced that it had
conducted patrols in the
surrounding waters on the same day.
In a speech at a conference
in Singapore, Secretary
Hegseth said, “We will
rebuild deterrence and prevent
Chinese aggression,” and he
expressed his intention to
strengthen cooperation with other
countries, including Japan.
Sankei Shimbun News (Japanese)
|
|
6/1 |
Japanese Defense Minister
Nakatani met with Australian
Defense Minister Marles in Singapore, where the two
ministers confirmed their
intention to expand defense
cooperation in a wide range of fields,
including joint training
between the Self-Defense
Forces and the Australian military.
The meeting lasted about 30
minutes on the morning of
June 1, and at the beginning
of the meeting, Defense Minister
Nakatani said, "Australia and
Japan are at the core of cooperation between like-
minded countries. We would
like to expand all kinds of cooperation and work together
at all times”.
Minister Nakatani and
Defense Minister Marles then
confirmed that the two
countries' security strategies are more
aligned than ever before and
that they will expand defense cooperation in a wide range
of areas, including
operations and joint training
between the SDF and Australian forces.
Minister Nakatani also
explained the strategic
significance of developing a
new frigate with Japan and encouraged
Australia to select Japan,
since Japan and Germany were
the final candidates for the joint
development partner in
Australia's plan to introduce
a new type of frigate.
Earlier, Minister Nakatani
also met with Philippine
Defense Minister Teodoro, and
confirmed that discussions would be
held within a high-level
framework to deepen
operational collaboration, in light of
the fact that negotiations
had begun to conclude an
agreement that would allow the SDF and the
Philippine military to
provide each other with fuel
and other supplies.
After a series of talks,
Minister Nakatani told
reporters, "I explained that
if Japan is selected as the partner for the joint
development of a new frigate,
the interoperability between
the Self-Defense Forces and the
Australian military will be
further enhanced and will
have great strategic value for both
countries. We will work
closely with related companies and ministries, and the public and private
sectors will work together to
ensure that the final
selection is made“.
|
|
6/1 |
The defense ministers of
Japan, the United States,
Australia and the Philippines
have expressed “serious concern”
about China’s unilateral
attempts to change the status
quo in the East and South China seas.
In a joint statement
released after their meeting
in Singapore on Saturday, the
defense leaders also said they
concurred on the importance
of regularly convening
meetings at the ministerial level to
reinforce cooperation and
coordination among the four
countries.
The four are Japanese
Defense Minister Gen Nakatani,
U.S. Secretary of Defense
Pete Hegseth, Australian Defense
Minister Richard Marles and
Philippine Secretary of
National Defense Gilberto Teodoro.
The defense chiefs confirmed
the importance of information
sharing in the South China Sea and the Indo-Pacific region.
They welcomed the start of
discussions on an information protection agreement between
Japan and the Philippines
following a summit meeting between the two countries in
April.
The four also agreed to
jointly invest in
strengthening the Philippines’
cyber security system.
Japan’s Maritime Self-
Defense Force and the navies
of the United States,
Australia and the Philippines have engaged in
joint exercises. The
ministers agreed to study
plans for intelligence gathering,
surveillance and
reconnaissance activities to
monitor activities in the East and South China seas,
with China in mind.
In a press conference after
the talks, Japan’s Nakatani
said, “It is extremely
important for the four countries to deepen
cooperation on common issues.”
This was the first defense
ministers’ meeting among the
four countries since the
talks in Hawaii in May last year.
The defense chiefs of Japan,
the United States and
Australia also held a meeting
in Singapore on Saturday. They
agreed to cooperate in live-
fire training and other
activities related to the U.S.-made
Tomahawk cruise missile.
|
|
6/1 |
On June 1 at the Shangri-La
Dialogue in Singapore,
Chinese military officials
responded to criticism of China by Philippine Defense
Minister Teodoro, who took
the stage, and an exchange of accusations
ensued. China claims
territorial rights over
almost all of the South China Sea, and has repeatedly
responded forcefully, with
Chinese coast guard ships
firing water cannons at Philippine
vessels.
In his speech, Minister
Teodoro pointed out that the “
nine-dash line,” a boundary
line that China unilaterally claims in
the South China Sea, is "not
based on international law”.
While President Xi Jinping and the
Chinese government preach the
importance of a “fair and
just” international order, he
stressed that China's values
are "completely different from those of other countries in the world,
especially small countries”.
In response, a Chinese
military official in the
audience countered that
Vietnam and Malaysia, which also have
territorial disputes in the
South China Sea, have
effectively addressed their “differences”
with China. He then asked why
the Philippines could not do likewise. He noted that
Malaysian Prime Minister
Anwar had pointed out the
importance of dialogue with China.
Teodoro responded
sarcastically, "Thank you
very much for the propaganda
disguised as a question”. He then added, "If
China does to other Southeast
Asian countries what it is currently doing to the
Philippines, we will see a
different reaction. Dialogue
is not possible without trust," he said.
JIJI PRESS News (Japanese)
|
|
6/1 |
The Chinese foreign ministry
has hit back at US Defense
Secretary Pete Hegseth for repeatedly criticizing China
by name over Taiwan and the
South China Sea at a security
conference in Singapore.
The ministry's spokesperson
made remarks on the protest
lodged with the US on Sunday, one day after Hegseth
delivered a speech at the
Shangri-La Dialogue.
The spokesperson said China "
deplores and firmly opposes"
his remarks and "has protested strongly" to the US.
The spokesperson described
the Taiwan question as "
entirely China's internal
affair," and added, "no country is in a
position to interfere."
The spokesperson criticized
Washington again over the
South China Sea, saying the
US is the "primary factor that is
hurting the peace and
stability" of the region.
China lodged another protest
with Washington last week
when US Secretary of State
Marco Rubio announced a decision to
begin revoking student visas
for Chinese nationals.
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|
6/2 |
On June 2, Japan Joint Staff
confirmed one Chinese UAV (
estimated) flying from the
East China Sea to the Pacific
Ocean through the area
between Yonagunijim Island
and Taiwan.
This UAV then circled on the
Pacific Ocean, and turned and
flew back to the East China
Sea through the same area.
Japan Air Self-Defense Force
scrambled to this UAV.
|
|
6/2 |
From May 27 to 29, JMSDF has
confirmed Chinese naval
vessels including the Admiral Kuznetsov class aircraft
carrier Liaoning (hull number
16) navigating in the Pacific
Ocean as the below table and chart.
During this period, the
Liaoning (hull number 16) was
confirmed to have made approximately 140 landings
and takeoffs, including
approximately 80 by fighter
aircraft and 60 by helicopters. This
brings the total number of
confirmed landings and
takeoffs from May 25 to 29 to approximately 260.
On May 30, JMSDF confirmed
the Admiral Kuznetsov class
aircraft carrier Liaoning (
hull number 16) and other Chinese
naval vessels navigating
south in the Pacific Ocean.
Japan Air Self-Defense Force
scrambled to them.
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6/2 |
Taiwanese security officials
revealed that China had
deployed a large number of
naval and coast guard vessels around
the “First Island Chain”
connecting Japan's
southwestern archipelago with Taiwan and
the Philippines in May,
averaging 50 to 70 ships a
day. The official pointed out that
this was “pressure” to show
off its ability to control
the First Island Chain, and expressed a sense
of alarm.
According to the official,
China had previously deployed
more than 90 vessels last December, mainly inside the
First Island Chain, but this
time the vessels were
deployed in the form of a gathering in the
sea area close to the First
Island Chain.
China began a large-scale
deployment of vessels in May,
and on the 27th of the same month, about 70 vessels were confirmed in the
vicinity of the First Island
Chain.The Chinese Navy's aircraft carrier
Liaoning sailed in the East
China Sea and the Western
Pacific, and the Shandong was active in the
South China Sea. The third
aircraft carrier, the Fujian,
conducted its eighth test cruise.
The official noted that this
large-scale deployment is
related to China's policy of “
turning the waters inside the First
Island Chain into an inland
sea” and bringing it under
its control.
Sankei Shimbun News (Japanese)
|
|
6/3 |
Press Release by Japan Coast
Guard (excerpt)
The Japan Coast Guard (JCG)
will dispatch the patrol
vessel “Mizuho” to the waters surrounding Southeast Asia
from June 11, 2025 for about
a month to conduct anti-
piracy operations on the high seas.
During the dispatch, the
vessel will conduct anti-
piracy training with the
Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency (
MMEA) to strengthen
cooperation and partnership. In addition, the MCT (Mobile Cooperation
Team) will provide capacity
building support to the MMEA. Through these efforts, we
will contribute to the
maintenance and strengthening
of a free and open maritime order based
on the rule of law in the Indo-Pacific region.
|
|
6/5 |
JMSDF confirmed one Chinese
Renhai class destroyer (hull
number 102) and one Chinese Jangkai II class frigate (
hull number 550) sailing
southeast in the waters 50km
southwest of Kusagaki Islands (Kagoshima
Prefecture) on June 4. From
June 4 to 5, these vessels
crossed the Osumi Strait and
navigated to the Pacific
Ocean.
JMSDF also confirmed one
Chinese Jangkai II class
frigate (hull number 538) and
one Chinese Fuchi class
replenishment oilers (hull
number 903) sailing southeast
in the waters 120km northeast of Miyakojima
Island (Okinawa Prefecture)
on June 5. JMSDF then
confirmed these vessels sailing south
in the waters between the
main island of Okinawa and
Miyakojima Island to the Pacific Ocean.
|
|
6/5 |
Press Release by Japan Coast
Guard (excerpt)
On May 30, 2025, the Japan
Coast Guard (JCG) dispatched
its officers to a joint
seminar and table top exercise on
search and rescue conducted
by the coast guards of Japan,
the United States, and South
Korea, hosted by the South
Korean Coast Guard in Busan,
South Korea. In this way, the three
countries strengthened
cooperation among the coast
guards of the three countries, and the
three countries jointly
provided capacity-building
support to ASEAN coast guard agency
personnel.
|
|
6/6 |
On June 6, four Chinese
Coast Guard vessels intruded
into Japanese territorial
waters off the Senkaku Islands in
Ishigaki City, Okinawa
Prefecture. According to the
11th Regional
Coast Guard Headquarters (
Naha City), this is the first
time since May 14 that
Chinese vessels have entered Japanese
territorial waters off the
Senkaku Islands.
According to the
headquarters, the four
vessels successively intruded
into Japanese territorial waters around the
Uotsurijima Island between 10:
30 a.m. and 45 a.m. on June 6, and left the vicinity of
Minam- Kojima Island by about
0:30 p.m.
JIJI PRESS News (Japanese)
|
|
6/8 |
JMSDF confirmed one Chinese
Admiral Kuznetsov class
aircraft carrier Liaoning (
hull number 16), one Chinese
Luyang III class destroyer (
hull number 122), one Chinese
Renhai class destroyer (hull number
104), and one Chinese Type
901 fast combat support ship (
hull number 901) sailing in the
waters 300 km southwest of
Minami-Torishima Island (Tokyo Metropolitan) on June 7.
On June 8, the Liaoning (
hull number 16) was confirmed
to have made landings and takeoffs by fighter aircrafts
and helicopters.
|
|
6/8 |
On August 8, Taiwan's Coast
Guard held a joint exercise
with the Maritime and Air
Force and other forces in Kaohsiung
Harbor in Kaohsiung, southern
Taiwan, for the public. In
the vicinity of the islands
Taiwan effectively controls,
there have been a series of
incidents of Chinese vessels intruding
into Taiwan's restricted
waters, and the Taiwanese
side has an urgent need to strengthen its
response capabilities.
The exercise is held once
every two years, and this
year a total of 13 patrol
vessels and patrol boats from the Coast
Guard and an anti-submarine
helicopter from the Navy participated. The exercise
was conducted under the
assumption that members of a
terrorist organization had hijacked a
passenger ship connecting the
main island of Taiwan with an outlying island and were
planning to attack a nearby
natural gas storage depot.
Special forces from the
Coast Guard in a high-speed
boat, in coordination with a helicopter, chased the
passenger ship. Using a rope
attached to the passenger
ship, they boarded and subdued the
passenger ship.
President Lai Ching-kuo, who
visited the site, expressed
his recognition that Taiwan
is facing “gray zone operations” by
China, which threatens to use
means that do not involve the
use of force, and encouraged the
Coast Guard officers who are
on the front line. He urged
the officers to “ensure the
safety and dignity of the
Taiwanese people by equipping
them with the latest equipment and science
and technology.”
Mainichi Shimbun News (
Japanese)
|
|
6/8 |
Book Review
“Sea lion hunting in the Sea
of Japan, Takeshima” by Takao
Inoue and Hitoshi Sato (Sankei Shimbun Publications,
2970 yen)
There are three grounds for
Takeshima being Japanese
territory. (1) Yonago (now
Tottori Prefecture) townspeople
conducted business on
Takeshima under the official
recognition of the Edo Shogunate, (2) The
Japanese government
incorporated Takeshima into
Shimane Prefecture in 1905 and openly
and continuously governed the
island, and (3) The San Francisco Peace Treaty
stipulated that Japan would
continue to hold Takeshima.
Korea has no such basis.
This book recounts the
hunting of sea lions on
Takeshima in 1934, using
miraculously preserved photographs and
newspaper articles of the
time with commentary to
reinforce point (2) of the three
grounds. After Takeshima's
incorporation into Shimane
Prefecture, sea lion hunting became
subject to a prefectural
governor's permit system,
which was continually renewed. The
hunting in this book is also
based on the “Sea Lion
Fishery License”issued in January 1934, and a
photograph of the License is
included. What is emphasized
in international trials over
territorial disputes is the
actual results of treating
the area as territory, such as granting
permits and licenses, without
protests from other countries.
This book demonstrates that track
record.
Shimane Prefecture's
measures such as sea lion
hunting permits are also
relevant to (3). When the Peace Treaty was
drawn up, Korea demanded that
Takeshima be declared Korean territory, but the U.S.
refused in the "Rusk
documents”. The documents
accurately understood the situation,
stating that the island had
been “under the jurisdiction
of the Oki Island Branch Office of
Shimane Prefecture in Japan”
since around 1905.
Another significance of this
book is the information it
provides on sea lions. South
Korea blames Japan for the
extinction of Takeshima's sea
lions. A national elementary
school social studies textbook published in
South Korea in 2019 also
began its chapter on the
Takeshima issue with a provocative
cartoon that the sea lions of
Takeshima disappeared due to overhunting by the Japanese.
This book argues that
although there was a decline
due to mass hunting during the Meiji
era, it is inconceivable that
the sea lions that widely
inhabited the coasts of Japan and Korea
became extinct solely due to
Takeshima's sea lion hunting.
One of the elementary school
social studies textbooks that
passed the 2022 examination in South Korea included the
statement, "After the 1970s,
sea lions could no longer be
caught and are thought to have
become extinct”. It is hoped
that this book will
contribute to the spread of such dispassionate
recognition that the
responsibility for their
extinction should not be placed solely on Japan.
Sankei Shimbun News (Japanese)
|
|
6/9 |
China has constructed
several large structures in
the Korea-China Provisional
Measures Zone (PMZ) in the Yellow Sea, and
this has emerged as a new
risk to Korea's maritime sovereignty and security
environment. Although the
Chinese side explains that
they are “fishing facilities,” their
scale, location, and linkage
with military training have
led many to point out that their
intentions can be read as
similar to the “gray zone
strategy” in the South China Sea.
In 2018, China began
installing steel-framed “
fishing facilities” in the
PMZ that reach 70 meters in height, and in
recent years it has also
deployed an exploratory
drilling facility with a helipad and numerous buoys.
In addition, they have
declared the area a no-
navigation zone and have even mobilized
an aircraft carrier to
conduct military drills.
These moves are seen as part
of a “gray zone strategy” to
establish de facto control without overtly using
military means. This is very
similar to China's approach
in the South China Sea, where it built
artificial islands and
deployed missiles and anti-
aircraft guns on them, claiming them as its
own territory and making them
an established fact.
In particular, the Yellow
Sea has value to China as a “
strategic buffer zone” to
block the approach of U.S. forces, and
is positioned as part of a
defense line with Beijing and
coastal cities, bearing U.S. forces
in South Korea in mind. There
is widespread concern among
South Korean diplomats that the “
turning of the Yellow Sea
into an inland sea” is
underway.
In response, the Korean
government and experts have
called for a multifaceted and combined response as follows.
First, at this point, it is
difficult to question the
clear illegality under
international law, since the structures were installed
beyond the median line of the
PMZ. However, it is said that
it is necessary to diplomatically
request China to correct the
violations through the Korea-
China Maritime Cooperation Council
and the Joint Fisheries
Committee.
Some “proportional response”
proposals have also been
floated by the South Koreans
to install a similar offshore
structure near the median
line. Observation buoys,
marine research facilities, and even floating
power plants have been
mentioned for consideration.
In addition, there is an
urgent need to strengthen
preemptive intelligence-
gathering systems in anticipation of
the military diversion of
structures. It is necessary
to normalize patrol activities through
cooperation between the ROK
Navy and Coast Guard,
utilizing reconnaissance satellites,
patrol aircraft, and unmanned
aerial vehicles. Some have suggested that joint U.S.-
South Korean drills and
information sharing should be strengthened and that the
structure issue should be
elevated to the context of a "
U.S.-China strategic confrontation.
Some are discussing a
strategy of “intentionally
bringing a derelict ship into
contact with a Chinese structure and
pretending it is an accident,”
following the example of the
Philippines, which ran aground a World War
II landing ship to counter
China's territorial claims in
the South China Sea.
Kim Dong-gyu, editor-in-
chief of the international
current affairs magazine “PADO,” asserted, "In parallel with
the hard-line strategy of
crashing a derelict ship into
a Chinese structure, the ROK side needs
to establish a similar
facility and send a ‘strong
signal’ that it may be converted into a
military facility”.
For the new administration
of Lee Jae-myung, the
response to China's Yellow
Sea strategy is not merely a matter of
fisheries or sovereignty, but
is likely to be a critical
test of the security balance in Northeast
Asia.
AFPBB News (Japanese)
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6/9 |
JMSDF confirmed one Russian
naval vessel, Vishnya class
intelligence ship (hull
number
208), sailing northeast in
the waters 40 km northwest of
Oki Islands (Shimane
Prefecture)
on June 4. Then JMSDF
confirmed this vessel sailing
east in Japanese contiguous
zone
northeast of Oki Islands,
sailing northeast in Japanese
contiguous zone north of
Sadogashima
Island (Niigata Prefecture)
on June 6,sailing north in
Japanese contiguous zone west
of
Rebun Island (Hokkaido) on
June 8, and sailing east
through the Soya Strait.
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6/9 |
JMSDF confirmed one Chinese
Admiral Kuznetsov class
aircraft carrier Shandong (
hull number 17), one Chinese
Renhai class destroyer (hull
number 107), two Chinese
Jangkai II class frigate (hull number
571 and 572), and one Chinese
Type 901 fast combat support
ship (hull number 905) sailing in
the waters 550 km southeast
of Miyakojima Island (Okinawa Prefecture) on June 7. On
June 9, the Shandong (hull
number 17) was confirmed to
have made landings and takeoffs by
fighter aircrafts and
helicopters.
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6/10 |
The 11th Regional Coast
Guard Headquarters (Naha City)
announced that on June 10,
it confirmed that a Taiwanese
oceanographic research vessel
was dropping a wire-like
object into the sea within Japan's
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ),
approximately 82 km south of Yonaguni Island, Okinawa
Prefecture.
According to the
headquarters, it confirmed
the activity of the
oceanographic research vessel at around 7:25 a.m. on the
same day. The Japan Coast
Guard demanded that the
survey be stopped, claiming that
surveys without Japan's
consent are unacceptable.
JIJI PRESS News (Jpanese)
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6/10 |
Japan Defense Minister
Nakatani's answer at a press
conference (excerpt)
Defense Minister Nakatani:
On June 7, JMSDF confirmed
the presence of several
Chinese naval vessels,
including the aircraft carrier Liaoning, in
the waters 300 km southwest
of Minami-Torishima Island. On the same day, JMSDF also
confirmed the presence of
several Chinese naval vessels,
including the aircraft carrier Shandong,
in the waters 550 km
southeast of Miyakojima
Island. Furthermore, the Liaoning, on
June 8, and the Shandong, on
June 9, were observed to have made landings and takeoffs by
fighter jets and others,
respectively.
This is the first time that
we have confirmed and
announced that Chinese Navy
aircraft carriers have operated in the
waters east of Iwo Jima. This
is also the first time that
we have confirmed and announced
that two Chinese aircraft
carriers were active in the
Pacific Ocean at the same time.
Regarding this matter, Japan
has made appropriate
representations to the
Chinese side through diplomatic channels.
I would like to refrain from
answering further questions,
as there are diplomatic matters
to be dealt with.
China is planning to improve
the operational capabilities
of the two aircraft carriers
it currently operates and to
enhance its ability to
conduct operations in the
distant sea and airspace. Under these
circumstances, we have
decided in our Defense
Buildup Program to promote the development of
mobile air surveillance radar
systems and other equipment on islands in the Pacific Ocean
in order to strengthen our
air defense posture in the
airspace surrounding Japan, including
the vast airspace on the
Pacific Ocean side.
The Ministry of Defense and
the Self-Defense Forces will
continue to closely monitor the movements of Chinese naval
vessels, including these two
aircraft carriers, and will
take all possible measures for
surveillance activities. In
addition, we will continue to
demonstrate Japan's intention and
capability to deter
unilateral changes in the
status quo or attempts to do so by disclosing
information obtained through
our surveillance activities
in a timely and appropriate manner and by
demonstrating that Japan is
conducting seamless
intelligence gathering and surveillance
activities.
Ministry of Defense
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6/10 |
JMSDF confirmed one Chinese
Dongdiao class Intelligence
ship (hull number 794)
sailing east in the waters 60km west
of Kuchinoerabu-jima Island (
Kagoshima Prefecture) on June 10. This vessel crossed the
Osumi Strait and navigated to
the Pacific Ocean.
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6/11 |
Press Release by Japan
Ministry of Defense (excerpt)
The Ministry of Defense and
the Self-Defense Forces of
Japan are pleased to announce that the 7th Japan-ASEAN and
East Timor Ship Rider
Cooperation Program and the
3rd Japan-Pacific Island
Countries Ship Rider
Cooperation Program will be
held as follows.
Program contents:
Seminars on various topics
including international
maritime law, observation of
various training exercises, shipboard
experience, presentations on
maritime security by
participants from each country, troop
training, WPS seminar, etc.
Period:
June 12 to 21, 2025
Participating countries:
7 ASEAN member countries,
East Timor, 11 Pacific Island
countries.
This program will also
include a seminar by the
Japan Coast Guard on
international law concerning the oceans.
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6/11 |
Press Release by Japan
Ministry of Defense
From about 10:30 to 11:00 on
June 7 and from about 14:00
to 15:00 on June 8 respectively, a J-15 Chinese
fighter jet from the Chinese
aircraft carrier Shandong followed a JMSDF P-3C patrol aircraft
that was conducting a
surveillance over the high
seas in the Pacific Ocean. On those occasions, the
Chinese J-15 fighter made
peculiar approaches (horizontal distance of about 45 meters with no
difference in altitude) to
the JMSDF P-3C patrol aircraft, and on the 8th crossed about 900
meters in front of the JMSDF
P-3C patrol aircraft (with no difference in altitude).
Such peculiar approaches by
a Chinese military aircraft
could trigger an accidental
collision. Japan Ministry of Defense
expressed serious concern
about this incident and made
a stern representation to the Chinese
side to prevent a recurrence
of such an incident.
No JMSDF aircraft or
personnel were harmed.
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6/12 |
The Tainan District Court in
Taiwan sentenced a Chinese
captain of a cargo ship (
registered in Togo) to three years in
prison for violating the
Telegraph Administration Act
by cutting the submarine cable connecting
the main island of Taiwan and
the Penghu Islands on June 12.
The district court announced
the sentence.
The court found that the
captain instructed his crew
to lower an anchor off the
coast of Tainan from February 22 to 25
this year, and then sailed in
a zigzag pattern in the
vicinity of the anchor to cut the cable.
Chunghwa Telecom suffered
damage of approximately NT$17 million (approximately ¥83
million) in repair costs.
The Taiwan Coast Guard has
pointed out that the
possibility of a disturbance
by China in the so-called “gray zone”
below an armed attack cannot
be ruled out.
Sankei Shimbun News (Japanese)
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6/12 |
On June 12, it was learned
that Yonaguni Islanders in
Yonaguni Town, Okinawa
Prefecture, rescued a Dutch merchant ship
that drifted ashore on the
Senkaku Islands (Ishigaki
City, Okinawa Prefecture) in the
early Edo period. The
islanders removed the ship's
cargo and delivered it to the Dutch
trading post at Dejima in
Nagasaki via the Satsuma Clan
and the Nagasaki Magistrate. The
Dutch trading post sent a
letter of thanks to the
Satsuma clan. This series of actions is an
example of how the Senkaku
Islands were incorporated
into the Edo Shogunate's system of
governance.
Associate Professor Nozomu
Ishii of Nagasaki Junshin
Catholic University, a
leading researcher on Senkaku history,
confirmed this by checking
several historical documents
at the Dutch Archives, including
Taiwanese documents of the
Dutch East India Company. Mr. Ishii will present his
findings at an international
conference on legal history
to be held at the University of Toronto,
Canada, on July 12.
The Dutch merchant ship “
Harp” was wrecked on June 25,
1660, en route from Taiwan to Nagasaki. The ship washed
ashore at the “Torishima”
Islands. According to Mr.
Ishii, the “Trisima” Islands appear
repeatedly in historical
documents related to the
Shogun-authorized trading vessels as the name
of the Senkaku Islands at
that time. The ship was
loaded with trading goods such as luxury
textiles.
At that time, the Shogun has
issued a code for clans,
including the Ryukyu (the
name of Okinawa at that time) Islands,
to handle shipwrecks of
foreign vessels at the
Nagasaki Magistrate's Office.
Therefore, the residents of
Yonaguni Island loaded the
cargo onto a Satsuma (the name of
Kagoshima at that time) ship,
which was taken out to
Nagasaki Port by the Satsuma clan and
handed over to the Dutch side
by the Nagasaki Magistrate's
Office.
In the following year, the
Dutch trading office asked
the Satsuma Clan's official
stationed in Nagasaki to send a letter of
thanks to the lord of the
Satsuma Clan. The Dutch also
tried to present the islanders with
gifts such as luxury textiles,
but the islanders did not
accept them. The Dutch appreciated the
islanders' response as "very
law-abiding”.
On September 14 of the same
year, the Dejima Dutch
Logbook recorded that “
Trishima belongs to Ryukyu and is
governed by Japan” in
response to this incident of
distress. This shows the reality that the
Edo Shogunate exercised
jurisdiction over the
Senkakus and that the people of Yonaguni made
it their living area.
Mr. Ishii noted, "This is a
valuable record of the
exercise of jurisdiction over
the Senkakus”. He then cited the discipline
of the people of Yonaguni,
who handed over the cargo to
the Dutch side without
embezzlement, saying, "It is
a story we should be proud of
as Japanese”.
Sankei Shimbun News (Japanese)
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6/12 |
JMSDF confirmed four Russian Naval Vessels, two Steregushchiy class frigate (hull number
333 and 335), one Tarantul class corvette (hull number 971) and one Dubuna class tanker,
sailing northeast in the waters 50km northwest of Rebun Island (Hokkaido) on June 12.
These vessels then crossed the Soya Strait.
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6/13 |
Press Release by Japan
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
The 4th Japan-Viet Nam
Maritime Consultation
On June 13, the 4th Japan-
Viet Nam Maritime
Consultation was held in
Tokyo. The Consultation was elevated to
the Director-General level from
this session. Mr. KASHIWABARA Yutaka, Deputy Director-
General of the Southeast and
Southwest Asian Affairs Department, the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs, Dr. TRẦN Văn
Thùy, Vice Chairman, National Boundary Commission, Ministry
of External Affairs, and
other relevant officials
participated in the Consultation.
1: During the consultation,
both sides discussed the
importance of a global
maritime order based on the United Nations
Convention on the Law of the
Sea (UNCLOS), as well as the situations in the South China
Sea and East China Sea, and
other maritime issues of
concern to the international
community, including marine
environmental policies. They
concurred on the necessity for both
countries to continue close
cooperation in maintaining
and strengthening the maritime
order based on the rule of
law.
2: In addition, both
countries welcomed the steady
progress in maritime
cooperation, exchanged views on potential
areas for future
collaboration, and agreed to
hold regular consultations.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
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6/13 |
JMSDF confirmed three
Russian Naval Vessels, two
Steregushchiy class frigate (
hull number 339 and 343) and one Dubuna
class tanker, sailing north
in the waters 60km south of Yonagunijima Island (Okinawa
Prefecture) on June 13. Then,
JMSDF confirmed these vessels sailing northeast in the
waters between Yonagunijim
Island and Iriomotejima
Island (Okinawa Prefecture) to the East China
Sea.
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6/13 |
Monthly Statistics on
Scrambles(May)
Japan Joint Staff released
its monthly statistics on
scrambles. In May, Japan Air
Self Defense Force (JASDF) conducted 43
scrambles. The most scrambles
are against Chinese aircrafts (42 times). The others were
against Russian aircrafts (1
time) .
Japan Joint Staff
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6/14 |
On June 14, the Philippine
Armed Forces opened to the
media for the first time a
bilateral exercise “Maritime
Cooperative Activity” with
Japan's Maritime Self-Defense
Force in the South China Sea off Luzon
Island. The state-of-the-art
missile frigate “Miguel
Malvar” received some members of the press,
including Kyodo News of Japan.
While several Chinese
vessels approached and monitored the
vessels, they conducted anti-
submarine warfare drills and other exercises under the
banner of adhering to
international maritime law.
JMSDF destroyer Takanami
participated in the drill.
Both vessels searched for the
location of a submarine-like training
target by releasing it into
the water. The two ships searched for the target's position, and
instead of firing live rounds,
simulated torpedoes were
fired from both ships at the target.
A helicopter was flown from
the Miguel Malvar to and from
the Takanami, and tactical
drills were also conducted.
Sankei Shimbun News
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