{"id":2398,"date":"2024-12-19T00:00:33","date_gmt":"2024-12-18T15:00:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rips.or.jp\/en\/?page_id=2398"},"modified":"2024-12-25T16:01:34","modified_gmt":"2024-12-25T07:01:34","slug":"vol-11-december-19-2024","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.rips.or.jp\/en\/newsletter\/vol-11-december-19-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"Vol.11, December 19, 2024"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"l-container\">\n<div class=\"l-post-content\">\n<style>\nbody {\n    width: 100%;\n    height: 100%;\n    margin: 0;\n    padding: 0;\n    background-color: #fafafa;\n}\nh1, h2, h3, h4, th, td, p, div {\n    font-family: \"Helvetica\", sans-serif;\n}\ntable tr, table th, table td {\n    border: none;\n    padding: 0;\n    margin: 0;\n    font-weight: normal;\n}\n.c-table, .l-post-content table, #tinymce.post-type-post table, #tinymce.post-type-page table, #tinymce.post-type-symposium table, #tinymce.post-type-rips_eye table, #tinymce.post-type-activity_report table, #tinymce.post-type-monthly_seminar table, #tinymce.post-type-corporate_seminar table, #tinymce.post-type-research table, #tinymce.post-type-president_column table, #tinymce.post-type-tinymcetemplates table {\n    border: none;\n    padding: 0;\n    margin: 0;\n}\n.c-table > thead > tr > th, .l-post-content table > thead > tr > th, #tinymce.post-type-post table > thead > tr > th, #tinymce.post-type-page table > thead > tr > th, #tinymce.post-type-symposium table > thead > tr > th, #tinymce.post-type-rips_eye table > thead > tr > th, #tinymce.post-type-activity_report table > thead > tr > th, #tinymce.post-type-monthly_seminar table > thead > tr > th, #tinymce.post-type-corporate_seminar table > thead > tr > th, #tinymce.post-type-research table > thead > tr > th, #tinymce.post-type-president_column table > thead > tr > th, #tinymce.post-type-tinymcetemplates table > thead > tr > th, .c-table > tbody > tr > th, .l-post-content table > tbody > tr > th, #tinymce.post-type-post table > tbody > tr > th, #tinymce.post-type-page table > tbody > tr > th, #tinymce.post-type-symposium table > tbody > tr > th, #tinymce.post-type-rips_eye table > tbody > tr > th, #tinymce.post-type-activity_report table > tbody > tr > th, #tinymce.post-type-monthly_seminar table > tbody > tr > th, #tinymce.post-type-corporate_seminar table > tbody > tr > th, #tinymce.post-type-research table > tbody > tr > th, #tinymce.post-type-president_column table > tbody > tr > th, #tinymce.post-type-tinymcetemplates table > tbody > tr > th, .c-table > tbody > tr > td, .l-post-content table > tbody > tr > td, #tinymce.post-type-post table > tbody > tr > td, #tinymce.post-type-page table > tbody > tr > td, #tinymce.post-type-symposium table > tbody > tr > td, #tinymce.post-type-rips_eye table > tbody > tr > td, #tinymce.post-type-activity_report table > tbody > tr > td, #tinymce.post-type-monthly_seminar table > tbody > tr > td, #tinymce.post-type-corporate_seminar table > tbody > tr > td, #tinymce.post-type-research table > tbody > tr > td, #tinymce.post-type-president_column table > tbody > tr > td, #tinymce.post-type-tinymcetemplates table > tbody > tr > td {\n    border: none;\n    padding: 0;\n    margin: 0;\n}\nhr, .hr {\n    border: none;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid #000;\n    margin-left: 0;\n    margin-right: 0;\n    max-width: none;\n    margin-top: 10px;\n    margin-bottom: 10px;\n}\ncenter .table-base {\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    height: 100%;\n    margin: 0;\n    padding: 0;\n    width: 100%;\n    background-color: #fafafa;\n}\ncenter .table-inner {\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    border: 0;\n    width: 100%;\n    max-width: 600px;\n}\ncenter img {\n    width: 100%;\n    max-width: 100%;\n    height: auto;\n}\ncenter ul {\n    display: block;\n}\ncenter li {\n    display: block;\n}\n<\/style>\n<p><center><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"max-width:450.0pt;border-collapse:collapse; background-color: #FFFFFF;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" style=\"padding:6.75pt 0mm 0mm 0mm;background:cover no-repeat rgb(255,255,255)\">\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\" style=\"width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width:100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" style=\"padding:6.75pt 0mm 0mm 0mm;min-width:100%\">\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"left\" width=\"100%\" style=\"width:100.0%;background:white;border-collapse:collapse;min-width:100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" style=\"padding:0mm 13.5pt 6.75pt 13.5pt;min-width:100%\">\n<h1 align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;line-height:25.2pt\"><span style=\"font-size:18.0pt;color:#202020\">Vol.11, December 19, 2024<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-indent:10.0pt;line-height:18.0pt\">\n<span style=\"color:#202020\">What is happening in East Asian Maritime Security? The Research Institute for Peace and Security (RIPS) publishes the biweekly newsletter,<br \/>\n the information on maritime security relevant to East Asia and Japan&#8217;s territory.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height:6.5pt\">\n<td style=\"padding:0mm 0mm 0mm 0mm;height:6.5pt\">\n<p>\n<span style=\";color:black\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height:2.15pt\">\n<td style=\"padding:0mm 0mm 0mm 0mm;height:2.15pt\">\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;line-height:20.0pt\">\n<span lang=\"FR\" style=\";color:black;letter-spacing:.2pt\">&nbsp;<\/span><b><span lang=\"FR\" style=\"font-size:16.0pt;color:black;letter-spacing:.2pt\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:16.0pt;color:black;letter-spacing:.2pt\">Monthly Column<br \/>\n<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:16.0pt;letter-spacing:.2pt\"><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;line-height:20.0pt\">\n<b><span style=\"font-size:16.0pt;color:black;letter-spacing:.2pt\">by<br \/>\n<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:16.0pt;letter-spacing:.2pt\"><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;line-height:20.0pt\">\n<b><span style=\"font-size:16.0pt;color:black;letter-spacing:.2pt\">Go ITO<br \/>\n<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:16.0pt;letter-spacing:.2pt\"><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;line-height:20.0pt\">\n<b><span style=\"font-size:16.0pt;color:black;letter-spacing:.2pt\">Professor, Meiji University<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:16.0pt;letter-spacing:.2pt\"><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;line-height:20.0pt\">\n<b><span style=\"font-size:16.0pt;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:10.0pt;line-height:20.0pt\">\n<span style=\"color:black\">At a workshop with Chinese scholars, conducted after the Chairmanship election of Japan\u2019s Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), quite a few scholars in China said that Shinjiro Koizumi<br \/>\n or Sanae Takaichi would be chosen as the LDP Chairman. In fact, this comment surprised me, since the general public in Japan were sick of listening to the corruption by Seiwa-kai politicians. Former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe\u2019s faction has provided the Chinese<br \/>\n with a conviction that Japanese politics has pursued its foreign policy strategically.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:10.0pt;line-height:20.0pt\">\n<span style=\"color:black\">Of course, the conventional wisdom in international negotiations has been predicated on the idea that states pursue their national interests for the sake of their own survival.<\/p>\n<p> China\u2019s foreign policy, together with its rise in economy, has claimed the broader territorial and maritime areas. For instance, it started to claim the areas of the Senkakau in the year 1970, conducted reclamation of the Philippine\u2019s Mischief in 1997, and<br \/>\n recently started to refer to the possible ownership of Okinawa. As its economy rises, it has claimed the wider areas of territorial ownership.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:10.0pt;line-height:20.0pt\">\n<span style=\"color:black\">Already in the 1950\u2019s, a history professor at Georgetown University mentioned an \u201cameba type\u201d of territorial activities against the Soviet Union and China. The \u201cameba-type\u201d<br \/>\n means that they tend to expand their territories unless the opponent deters the expansionist behaviors.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:10.0pt;line-height:20.0pt\">\n<span style=\"color:black\">The same logic can be applied to today\u2019s Chinese activities in the maritime area. One day, they started to claim the areas of islands as their territories, to conduct reclamations,<br \/>\n to make their planes land, and to militarize them. Then, they refer to classical writings (not necessarily official documents of history), saying that the areas used to belong to China. They say that their claim is not sudden, but seek to recollect the territories<br \/>\n taken by other countries in the past. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:10.0pt;line-height:20.0pt\">\n<span style=\"color:black\">On these maritime disputes, China has employed particular methods for negotiation. The first is intentional delay of the disputes. Regarding the Senkaku Islands, when Deng Xiaoping<br \/>\n visited Japan in August 1978 for the Japan-China Peace and Friendship Treaty, he mentioned at a press conference that the issue should not be addressed either by China or Japan for the time being. The decision could be wise for both countries under the banner<br \/>\n of the bilateral friendship (although the Japanese side clarified later that the Deng\u2019s reference to the delay was not official, but occurred unofficially at the press conference).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:10.0pt;line-height:20.0pt\">\n<span style=\"color:black\">The second is to show intentional compromises. In the case of the East China Sea, Japan\u2019s EEZ overlaps with China\u2019s, and Japan has suggested the medium line between the marginal<br \/>\n line of Japan\u2019s EEZ and that of China\u2019s. Against Japan\u2019s suggestion for seemingly compromise, however, China has argued that the marginal line of the continental shelf reaching out close to Okinawa, which lasts longer than 200 miles from the Chinese continent,<br \/>\n should have been under China\u2019s control. Strangely enough, however, China has claimed the continental shelf against Japan over the East China Sea, while arguing against Vietnam that the medium-line of the EEZ should be the basis of the bilateral maritime interests<br \/>\n with Vietnam. That is, China has employed contradictory approaches toward its maritime interests, depending on the usefulness of its tactics in international negotiations.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:10.0pt;line-height:20.0pt\">\n<span style=\"color:black\">The third method is the temporary making of norms regarding the conduct of concerned countries over the disputed areas. As far as the South China Sea is concerned, China signed<br \/>\n the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC) in 2002, and also declared its readiness to establish the specific action norms for the security of the South China Sea in 2007. However, for the recent decade, a number of Chinese military<br \/>\n vessels as well as submarines have appeared in the disputed area. There is a tendency regarding China\u2019s gradual entry into the South China Sea that fishing trawlers first come to the hotspot, then vessels to patrol the fishing trawlers show up, and finally<br \/>\n military vessels appear, the gradation process of which should have become more fearful for neighboring countries as time goes by.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:10.0pt;line-height:20.0pt\">\n<span style=\"color:black\">Fourth, China likes to conduct negotiations on a bilateral basis. That is, it dislikes to be positioned into a multilateral framework. China\u2019s secret bilateral deals about the<br \/>\n Second Thomas Shoal with the Philippines\u2019 Duterte government is now a famous story, and China continues to argue that the bilateral agreement has still been plausible (although the Marcos presidency doesn\u2019t agree to this statement.). Also, after Prime Minister<br \/>\n Anwar bin Ibrahim took office, there have been several talks between China and Malaysia, and Anwar has called the talks a new era of Malaysia-China relations. These interventions by China into the ASAEN have occurred as usual tools to gain primacy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:10.0pt;line-height:20.0pt\">\n<span style=\"color:black\">That is to say, China is strategic enough to make many ASEAN countries see the disputes as a litmus test for a newly strong China\u2019s relations with any of them: whether China<br \/>\n would use its formidable military power to attempt to intimidate the other claimants, or settle the matter peacefully through good-faith negotiations. Vietnamese who fear long term Chinese intentions see in the Spratly and Paracel Islands disputes a harsh<br \/>\n and sometimes violent counterpoint to China\u2019s Asia-Pacific \u201csmile diplomacy.\u201d Moreover in negotiations with South Korea, China also has had territorial disputes over a small island (argued by the South Korean government) in the northern East China Sea for<br \/>\n long years. Judging from all of these territorial disputes as well as the gradual expansion of its maritime interests, it can be argued that China\u2019s concession can be a harbinger of more forceful attitudes like the \u201cone-step back, two-step forward.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:10.0pt;line-height:20.0pt\">\n<span style=\"color:black\">In this sense, China has been making use of the \u201ccarrot and stick\u201d diplomacy. It sometimes conducts \u201csmile diplomacy\u201d to make agreements with countries in disputes. But, the<br \/>\n agreements do not last for long, and then strong claims on the territorial dominations will be indicated in bilateral negotiations. Here, China often emphasizes the historical legacy of the territories. It usually argues that it was Chinese who used to stay<br \/>\n in such hotspots. They often cite classical Chinese writings as what justifies China\u2019s territorial rights. As the continental Asia used to be influenced culturally by the Chinese empire, it is common that a variety of writings exist in China about the movement<br \/>\n of Chinese to the hotspots. It is questionable, however, that such classical writings can be effective in claiming China\u2019s territorial rights under the principles of the modern international law.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:10.0pt;line-height:20.0pt\">\n<span style=\"color:black\">China has emphasized that modern international law is a product of Western violent culture, while their own international order has been predicated on the spirit of peaceful<br \/>\n harmony. The differences in the claims remind me of religious wars in Europe. That is, each religious group has the logic that our belief is right and peaceful, whereas others are wrong and belligerent. Modern international law has been made by repeated numbers<br \/>\n of brutal wars stemming from this kind of one-sided belief. In modern international relations, states pursue their interests, while at the same time its foreign policy has been predicated on reciprocity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:20.0pt\">\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n<b><span>&nbsp;<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"left\" style=\"background:white;border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height:2.05pt\">\n<td valign=\"top\" style=\"padding:0mm 13.5pt 0mm 13.5pt;height:2.05pt\">\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;line-height:27.0pt\">\n<b><span style=\"font-size:15.0pt;color:#202020\">Statistical Data and Analysis<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size:16.0pt;color:black\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size:16.0pt;color:black\">(as of December 19)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height:1.25pt\">\n<td style=\"padding:0mm 0mm 0mm 0mm;height:1.25pt\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height:2.05pt\">\n<td valign=\"top\" style=\"padding:0mm 13.5pt 0mm 13.5pt;height:2.05pt\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height:2.05pt\">\n<td valign=\"top\" style=\"padding:0mm 13.5pt 6.75pt 13.5pt;height:2.05pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:10.0pt;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:black\">Russian and Chinese military activity around Japan increased in December. In late November, the air forces of Russia and China conducted joint<br \/>\n flights over Japan&#8217;s territory. These flights include Chinese and Russian bombers and fighters. China has also deployed its military vessels around Taiwan on a large scale. The security situation in East Asia is becoming increasingly tense as the year draws<br \/>\n to a close.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:11.0pt;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">[Statistical Data as of December 19]<\/span><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:#202020\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height:2.05pt\">\n<td valign=\"top\" style=\"padding:0mm 13.5pt 6.75pt 13.5pt;height:2.05pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:10.0pt;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:#202020\">Japan Coast Guard (JCG) daily updates the statistical data on the number of China Coast Guard vessels entering in the contiguous zone around<br \/>\n the Senkaku Islands and intruding into Japanese territorial waters. The below is from the website of JCG.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<u><span style=\"color:#202020\">(<\/span><\/u><span style=\";color:black\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kaiho.mlit.go.jp\/mission\/senkaku\/senkaku.html\" target=\"_blank\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.kaiho.mlit.go.jp\/mission\/senkaku\/senkaku.html&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1735185159363000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0RMWFSW33uhjuZbSNO566a\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color:#0563c1\">https:\/\/www.kaiho.mlit.go.jp\/<wbr>mission\/senkaku\/senkaku.html<\/span><\/a><\/span><u><span style=\"color:#202020\">)<\/span><\/u><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<u><span style=\"color:#202020\"><span style=\"text-decoration:none\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height:56.25pt\">\n<td style=\"border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:56.25pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">Nov.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:56.25pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">Contiguous zone<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:56.25pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">Territorial<br \/>\nsea<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:56.25pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">Dec.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:56.25pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">Contiguous zone<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:56.25pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">Territorial<br \/>\n<br \/>\nsea<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height:18.75pt\">\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">29<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">\u3000<\/span><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">\u3000<\/span><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height:18.75pt\">\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">30<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">\u3000<\/span><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">10<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">\u3000<\/span><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height:18.75pt\">\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">Dec.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">Contiguous zone<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">Territorial<br \/>\nsea<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">11<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">\u3000<\/span><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height:18.75pt\">\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">\uff11<\/span><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">\u3000<\/span><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">12<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">\u3000<\/span><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height:18.75pt\">\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">\u3000<\/span><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">13<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">\u3000<\/span><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height:18.75pt\">\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">\u3000<\/span><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">14<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">\u3000<\/span><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height:18.75pt\">\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">\u3000<\/span><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">15<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">\u3000<\/span><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height:18.75pt\">\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">16<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">\u3000<\/span><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height:18.75pt\">\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">17<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">\u3000<\/span><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height:18.75pt\">\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">\u3000<\/span><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">18<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">\u3000<\/span><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height:18.75pt\">\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">\u3000<\/span><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">19<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<\/td>\n<td nowrap=\"\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0mm 4.95pt 0mm 4.95pt;height:18.75pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\">\u3000<\/span><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:black\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"left\" width=\"100%\" style=\"width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" style=\"border-top:solid white 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:none;border-right:solid white 1.0pt;background:#a5e9ff;padding:3.75pt 13.5pt 3.75pt 13.5pt\">\n<p style=\"line-height:16.8pt\">\n<b><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:#202020\">Date<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" style=\"border:none;border-top:solid white 1.0pt;background:#eeeeee;padding:3.75pt 13.5pt 3.75pt 13.5pt\">\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<b><span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:#202020\">Topics<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" style=\"border-top:solid white 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:none;border-right:solid white 1.0pt;background:#a5e9ff;padding:3.75pt 13.5pt 3.75pt 13.5pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:#202020\">11\/29<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;border-top:solid white 1.0pt;background:#eeeeee;padding:0mm 0mm 0mm 0mm\">\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"left\" style=\"border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" style=\"padding:3.75pt 13.5pt 0mm 13.5pt\">\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\nJapan Air Self Defense Force (JASDF) confirmed two Chinese bomber (H-6), flying from East China Sea to Sea of Japan on November 29. These bombers then conducted a joint flight near Japan<br \/>\n with two Russian bombers (Tu-95). <\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span>\u3000<\/span>According to the Japan Joint Staff Press Release, during the joint flight, China and Russia\u2019s fighter jets escorted the bombers.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<img src=\"https:\/\/www.rips.or.jp\/jp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image010.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" style=\"padding:0mm 13.5pt 0mm 13.5pt\">\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n(source: Japan Joint Staff)<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span>\u30fb<\/span><b><span style=\"color:#002060\">Blue<\/span><\/b>: Two Russian Tu-95<br \/>\n bombers<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span>\u30fb<\/span><b><span style=\"color:#5b9bd5\">Light Blue<\/span><\/b>: One Russian<br \/>\n Su-35 fighter<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span>\u30fb<\/span><b><span style=\"color:#92d050\">Light Green<\/span><\/b><span>\uff1a<\/span>One<br \/>\n Russian aircraft (Estimated)<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span>\u30fb<\/span><b><span style=\"color:red\">Red<\/span><\/b>: Two Chinese H-6 Bombers<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span>\u30fb<\/span><span style=\"color:#00b050\">Green<\/span>: One Chinese Y-9 ELINT<br \/>\n type<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span>\u30fb<\/span><b><span style=\"color:#ffc000\">Yellow<\/span><\/b>: Two Chinese J-16<br \/>\n fighters<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n<span>\u30fb<\/span><b>Black<\/b><span>\uff1a<\/span>One<br \/>\n Chinese aircraft (estimated)<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin-left:10.5pt;margin-right:10.5pt\">\n<div style=\"margin-left:12.0pt;margin-right:12.0pt\">\n<div style=\"margin-left:12.0pt;margin-right:12.0pt\">\n<div style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt\">\n<hr size=\"1\" width=\"40%\" align=\"left\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" style=\"padding:0mm 13.5pt 3.75pt 13.5pt\">\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\nJapan Joint Staff<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/js\/pdf\/2024\/p20241129_01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/js\/pdf\/2024\/p20241129_01.pdf&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1735185159363000&amp;usg=AOvVaw0AVNvkYnu2-IINxmGf_8Rh\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color:#0563c1\">https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/js\/pdf\/<wbr>2024\/p20241129_01.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\nNHK World<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span><a href=\"https:\/\/www3.nhk.or.jp\/nhkworld\/en\/news\/20241130_08\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www3.nhk.or.jp\/nhkworld\/en\/news\/20241130_08\/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1735185159363000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1Rk3Eszrik-dY0CdIA3QEb\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color:#0563c1\">https:\/\/www3.nhk.or.jp\/<wbr>nhkworld\/en\/news\/20241130_08\/<\/span><\/a><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" style=\"border-top:solid white 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:none;border-right:solid white 1.0pt;background:#a5e9ff;padding:3.75pt 13.5pt 3.75pt 13.5pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:#202020\">11\/30<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;border-top:solid white 1.0pt;background:#eeeeee;padding:0mm 0mm 0mm 0mm\">\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:22.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:#202020\">\u3000<\/span><span style=\"color:#202020\">&nbsp; JASDF confirmed two Chinese bomber (H-6) and two Russian bombers (Tu-95) flying from China.<br \/>\n These bombers conducted a joint flight for a long time and crossed the Miyako Strait.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:27.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:#202020\">\u3000<\/span><span style=\"color:#202020\">&nbsp; JASDF also confirmed four Chinese fighters (J-16), one Chinese fighter (estimated) and one Chinese<br \/>\n aerial refueling tanker (Y-20). These aircraft joined up with the bombers over the Miyako Strait and flew to the Pacific Ocean.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:27.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:#202020\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; After the joint flight, Russian bombers flew in circles over the Miyako Strait several times before returning to Russia via the Sea of Japan. On the way back to Russia,<br \/>\n two Russian fighters (estimated) and one Russian aircraft (estimated) was flying over the Sea of Japan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:27.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<img src=\"https:\/\/www.rips.or.jp\/jp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image011.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:28.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:black\">&nbsp;&nbsp;(source: Japan Joint Staff)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:28.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:black\">\u30fb<\/span><span style=\"color:black\">Chinese Military Aircrafts<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:28.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:black\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8211;<\/span><b><span style=\"color:red\">Red<\/span><\/b><span style=\"color:black\">:<br \/>\n Two H-6 bomber<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:28.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:black\">&nbsp; &#8211;<\/span><b><span style=\"color:#ff99ff\">Pink<\/span><\/b><span style=\"color:black\">:<br \/>\n One Y-9 ELINT<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:28.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:black\">&nbsp; &#8211;<\/span><b><span style=\"color:gray\">Gray<\/span><\/b><span style=\"color:black\">:<br \/>\n One Y-9 ELINT<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:28.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:black\">&nbsp; &#8211;<\/span><b><span style=\"color:#7030a0\">Purple<\/span><\/b><span style=\"color:black\">:<br \/>\n Y-20 Tanker and two J-16 fighters<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:28.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:black\">&nbsp; &#8211;<\/span><b><span style=\"color:#ffc000\">Yellow<\/span><\/b><span style=\"color:black\">:<br \/>\n Two J-16 fighters<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:28.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:black\">\u3000<\/span><span style=\"color:black\">&#8211;<\/span><b><span style=\"color:#c45911\">Orange<\/span><\/b><span style=\"color:black\">:<br \/>\n one Chinese fighter (estimated)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:28.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:black\">&nbsp; &#8211;<\/span><b><span style=\"color:#ed7d31\">Light orange<\/span><\/b><span style=\"color:black\">:<br \/>\n Two J-16 fighters<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:28.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:28.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:black\">\u30fb<\/span><span style=\"color:black\">Russia<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:29.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:black\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"color:#70ad47\">Light Green<\/span><span style=\"color:black\">:<br \/>\n Two Tu-95 bombers<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:29.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:29.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<img src=\"https:\/\/www.rips.or.jp\/jp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image012.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:28.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:black\">\u30fb<\/span><span style=\"color:black\">Russia<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:29.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:black\">&#8211;<\/span><b><span style=\"color:#70ad47\">Light Green<\/span><\/b><span style=\"color:black\">:<br \/>\n Two Tu-95 bombers<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:29.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:black\">&#8211;<\/span><b><span style=\"color:#4472c4\">Blue<\/span><\/b><span style=\"color:black\">:<br \/>\n Two Russian fighters (estimated)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:29.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:black\">&#8211;<b>Black<\/b>: One Russian aircraft (estimated)<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"margin-left:26.25pt;margin-right:10.5pt\">\n<div style=\"margin-left:28.0pt;margin-right:12.0pt\">\n<div style=\"margin-left:28.0pt;margin-right:12.0pt\">\n<div style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:28.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:black\"><\/p>\n<hr size=\"1\" width=\"40%\" align=\"left\">\n<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:22.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:#202020\">&nbsp; Japan Joint Staff<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:15.0pt;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\";color:black\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/js\/pdf\/2024\/p20241130_01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/js\/pdf\/2024\/p20241130_01.pdf&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1735185159363000&amp;usg=AOvVaw27T2UEXpgKSwRL14BtPf7T\" rel=\"noopener\"><span>https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/js\/pdf\/<wbr>2024\/p20241130_01.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"color:#202020\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" style=\"border-top:solid white 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:none;border-right:solid white 1.0pt;background:#a5e9ff;padding:3.75pt 13.5pt 3.75pt 13.5pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:#202020\">&nbsp;12\/2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;border-top:solid white 1.0pt;background:#eeeeee;padding:0mm 0mm 0mm 0mm\">\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:22.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:#202020\">\u3000<\/span><span style=\"color:#202020\"><br \/>\n<span>Japan Maritime Self-Defense Forces (JMSDF) confirmed one Chinese Jankai-II class frigate (hull number 542) in the water 30 km northeast of Tsushima on November 29. That vessel crossed the Tsushima Strait and navigated to the East China Sea.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:22.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:#202020\">&nbsp;&nbsp; JMSDF also confirmed one Chinese Jankai-II class frigate (hull number 548) in the waters 130 km east of Miyako Island on December 1. That vessel crossed the Miyako Strait<br \/>\n and navigated to the East China Sea.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:22.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<img src=\"https:\/\/www.rips.or.jp\/jp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image013.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:#202020\">______________________________<wbr>__________<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:5.0pt;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:#202020\">Japan Joint Staff&nbsp;<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:17.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:#202020\">&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color:black\">&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\";color:black\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/js\/pdf\/2024\/p20241202_04.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/js\/pdf\/2024\/p20241202_04.pdf&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1735185159363000&amp;usg=AOvVaw3QOmMO-4lnuqmO6H2cXHMA\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color:#0563c1\">https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/js\/<wbr>pdf\/2024\/p20241202_04.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"color:#202020\">\u3000<\/span><span style=\"color:#202020\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" style=\"border-top:solid white 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:none;border-right:solid white 1.0pt;background:#a5e9ff;padding:3.75pt 13.5pt 3.75pt 13.5pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:#202020\">12\/3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;border-top:solid white 1.0pt;background:#eeeeee;padding:0mm 0mm 0mm 0mm\">\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"left\" width=\"100%\" style=\"width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" style=\"padding:3.75pt 13.5pt 0mm 13.5pt\">\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:5.0pt;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:#202020\">JMSDF confirmed one Russian Kilo class submarine and one tugboat in the waters 50km south of Yonaguni Island (Okinawa Prefecture) on December 3. These vessels crossed the<br \/>\n strait between Yonaguni and Iriomote Island.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:5.0pt;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<img src=\"https:\/\/www.rips.or.jp\/jp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image014.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<img src=\"https:\/\/www.rips.or.jp\/jp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image015.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:#202020\">Kilo class submarine<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:#202020\">(Source: Japan Joint Staff)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" style=\"padding:0mm 13.5pt 0mm 13.5pt\">\n<div style=\"margin-left:10.5pt;margin-right:10.5pt\">\n<div style=\"margin-left:12.0pt;margin-right:12.0pt\">\n<div style=\"margin-left:12.0pt;margin-right:12.0pt\">\n<div style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt\">\n<hr size=\"1\" width=\"40%\" align=\"left\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" style=\"padding:0mm 13.5pt 3.75pt 13.5pt\">\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\nJapan Joint Staff<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/js\/pdf\/2024\/p20241203_01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/js\/pdf\/2024\/p20241203_01.pdf&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1735185159364000&amp;usg=AOvVaw2zfdI6vw-CE9BWcoZMSjFz\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color:#0563c1\">https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/js\/pdf\/<wbr>2024\/p20241203_01.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><span>\u3000<\/span>&nbsp;\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" style=\"border:solid white 1.0pt;border-left:none;background:#a5e9ff;padding:3.75pt 13.5pt 3.75pt 13.5pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:#202020\">12\/4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-top:solid white 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid white 1.0pt;border-right:none;background:#eeeeee;padding:0mm 0mm 0mm 0mm\">\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"left\" width=\"100%\" style=\"width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" style=\"padding:3.75pt 13.5pt 0mm 13.5pt\">\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:5.0pt;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:#202020\">JMSDF also confirmed two Chinese Peoples\u2019 Liberation Army naval vessel, the Jangkai-II class frigate (hull number 577) and Luyang-III class destroyer (hull number 155), sailing<br \/>\n south in the waters 100 km northeast of Miyako Island on December 4. These vessels then crossed Miyako Strait and navigated to the Pacific Ocean.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:5.0pt;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:#202020\">JMSDF also confirmed one Chinese Luyan-III class destroyer (hull number 154) sailing southeast in the waters 120km northeast of Miyako Island on December 4. This vessel then<br \/>\n crossed Miyako Strait and navigated to the Pacific Ocean.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:5.0pt;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<img src=\"https:\/\/www.rips.or.jp\/jp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image016.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" style=\"padding:0mm 13.5pt 0mm 13.5pt\">\n<div style=\"margin-left:10.5pt;margin-right:10.5pt\">\n<div style=\"margin-left:12.0pt;margin-right:12.0pt\">\n<div style=\"margin-left:12.0pt;margin-right:12.0pt\">\n<div style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt\">\n<hr size=\"1\" width=\"40%\" align=\"left\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" style=\"padding:0mm 13.5pt 3.75pt 13.5pt\">\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph\">\nJapan Joint Staff<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/js\/pdf\/2024\/p20241204_01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/js\/pdf\/2024\/p20241204_01.pdf&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1735185159364000&amp;usg=AOvVaw1dtl162KXZTwvguNDKAY6m\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color:#0563c1\">https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/js\/pdf\/<wbr>2024\/p20241204_01.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"color:#202020\">\u3000<\/span><span style=\"color:#202020\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid white 1.0pt;border-right:solid white 1.0pt;background:#a5e9ff;padding:3.75pt 13.5pt 3.75pt 13.5pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:#202020\">12\/6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;border-bottom:solid white 1.0pt;background:#eeeeee;padding:0mm 0mm 0mm 0mm\">\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:5.0pt;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:#202020\">JMSDF confirmed two Chinese Luyan-III class destroyer (hull number 132 and 134) sailing east in the waters 80km west of Kuchinoerabujima Island (Kagoshima Prefecture) on December<br \/>\n 5. These vessels then crossed the Osumi Strait and navigated to the Pacific Ocean.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:5.0pt;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<img src=\"https:\/\/www.rips.or.jp\/jp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image017.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:5.0pt;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:#202020\">(Source: Japan Joint Staff)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:5.0pt;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:#202020\">______________________________<wbr>__________<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:5.0pt;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:#202020\">Japan Joint Staff<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:5.0pt;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\";color:black\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/js\/pdf\/2024\/p20241206_01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/js\/pdf\/2024\/p20241206_01.pdf&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1735185159364000&amp;usg=AOvVaw08NU4DcrlSlV72rEfbqXCB\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color:#0563c1\">https:\/\/www.mod.go.jp\/js\/pdf\/<wbr>2024\/p20241206_01.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"color:#202020\">\u3000<\/span><span style=\"color:#202020\"><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" style=\"border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid white 1.0pt;border-right:solid white 1.0pt;background:#a5e9ff;padding:3.75pt 13.5pt 3.75pt 13.5pt\">\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"font-size:11.0pt;color:#202020\">12\/9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border:none;border-bottom:solid white 1.0pt;background:#eeeeee;padding:0mm 0mm 0mm 0mm\">\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:5.0pt;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:#202020\">JMSDF confirmed two Chinese naval vessels, one Luyang-III class destroyer (hull number 135) and one Jangkai-II class frigate (hull number 530), sailing southeast in the waters<br \/>\n 120km northeast of Miyako Island on December 7. These vessels then crossed the Miyako Strait and navigated to the Pacific Ocean.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:5.0pt;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<span style=\"color:#202020\">JMSDF also confirmed one Chinese Dongdiao class AGI (hull number 798) sailing southeast in the waters 160km northeast of Miyako Island on December 8. This vessel then crossed<br \/>\n the Miyako Strait and navigated to the Pacific Ocean.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right:12.0pt;margin-bottom:0mm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;text-indent:5.0pt;line-height:16.8pt\">\n<img src=\"https:\/\/www.rips.or.jp\/jp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/image018.png\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/center>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Newsletter Registration<\/h3>\n<p>What is happening in East Asian Maritime Security? The Research Institute for Peace and Security (RIPS) publishes the biweekly newsletter, \u201cEast Asian Maritime Security (EAMS)\u201d and updates the information on maritime security relevant to East Asia and Japan&#8217;s territory.<\/p>\n<div class=\"u-mbs is-top mw-400\">\n  <a class=\"c-button\" href=\"https:\/\/forms.gle\/CiMT6bWdHrryT8mM6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span>Registration Form<\/span><\/a>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vol.11, December 19, 2024 What is happening in East Asian Maritime Security? The Research Institute for Peace and Security (RIPS) publishes the biweekly newsletter, the information on maritime security relevant to East Asia and Japan&#8217;s territory. &nbsp; &nbsp; Monthly Column by Go ITO Professor, Meiji University &nbsp; At a workshop with Chinese scholars, conducted after the Chairmanship election of Japan\u2019s Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), quite a few scholars in China said that Shinjiro Koizumi or Sanae Takaichi would be chosen &hellip; <span>More<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":2309,"menu_order":34,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Vol.11, December 19, 2024 - RIPS - Research Institute for Peace and Security -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u300cVol.11, December 19, 2024 \u300d\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3054\u7d39\u4ecb\u3044\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002- RIPS - Research Institute for Peace and Security - The Research Institute for Peace and Security (RIPS) is Japan\u2019s first nonprofit, private think tank. 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